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Absolutely FREE download of 64 bits or 32 bits versions for your PC.![]() Backed up the Windows Registry and now need to restore it? Dig up that REG file and follow these registry restore steps, easy in any version of Windows. I'm not sure what about 2012 Registrar Registry Editor lite (or any version) put it below MS Regedit. There may be other 3rd party (free) software that rivals. How to Delete Run History in Windows. You might be running some programs that you do not want others to access for either privacy or security concerns, especially if. Windows Backup Guide. Registry backup explained. Detailed information on how to back up system registry on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, Vista, and 7. Once fixed your computer will run a little smoother and have a little more space.Please rate and.Windows Registry - Wikipedia. The Registry is a hierarchical database that stores low- level settings for the Microsoft Windows operating system and for applications that opt to use the Registry. The kernel, device drivers, services, Security Accounts Manager (SAM), and user interface can all use the Registry. The Registry also allows access to counters for profiling system performance. In simple terms, The Registry or Windows Registry contains information, settings, options, and other values for programs and hardware installed on all versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems. For example, when a program is installed, a new subkey containing settings like a program's location, its version, and how to start the program, are all added to the Windows Registry. When introduced with Windows 3. Windows Registry primarily stored configuration information for COM- based components. Windows 9. 5 and Windows NT extended its use to rationalise and centralise the information in the profusion of INI files, which held the configurations for individual programs, and were stored at various locations. For example, . NET Framework applications use XML files for configuration, while portable applications usually keep their configuration files with their executable. Rationale. By contrast, the Windows Registry stores all application settings in one logical repository (but a number of discrete files) and in a standardized form. According to Microsoft, this offers several advantages over . INI files. As well, strongly typed data can be stored in the Registry, as opposed to the text information stored in . INI files. This is a benefit when editing keys manually using regedit. Windows Registry Editor. Because user- based Registry settings are loaded from a user- specific path rather than from a read- only system location, the Registry allows multiple users to share the same machine, and also allows programs to work for less privileged users. Backup and restoration is also simplified as the Registry can be accessed over a network connection for remote management/support, including from scripts, using the standard set of APIs, as long as the Remote Registry service is running and firewall rules permit this. Because the Registry is a database, it offers improved system integrity with features such as atomic updates. If two processes attempt to update the same Registry value at the same time, one process's change will precede the other's and the overall consistency of the data will be maintained. Where changes are made to . INI files, such race conditions can result in inconsistent data that does not match either attempted update. Windows Vista and later operating systems provide transactional updates to the Registry by means of the Kernel Transaction Manager, extending the atomicity guarantees across multiple key and/or value changes, with traditional commit–abort semantics. Registry keys are container objects similar to folders. Registry values are non- container objects similar to files. Keys may contain values and subkeys. Keys are referenced with a syntax similar to Windows' path names, using backslashes to indicate levels of hierarchy. Keys must have a case insensitive name without backslashes. The hierarchy of Registry keys can only be accessed from a known root key handle (which is anonymous but whose effective value is a constant numeric handle) that is mapped to the content of a Registry key preloaded by the kernel from a stored . Different users, programs, services or remote systems may only see some parts of the hierarchy or distinct hierarchies from the same root keys. Registry values are name/data pairs stored within keys. Registry values are referenced separately from Registry keys. Each Registry value stored in a Registry key has a unique name whose letter case is not significant. The Windows API functions that query and manipulate Registry values take value names separately from the key path and/or handle that identifies the parent key. Registry values may contain backslashes in their names, but doing so makes them difficult to distinguish from their key paths when using some legacy Windows Registry API functions (whose usage is deprecated in Win. The terminology is somewhat misleading, as each Registry key is similar to an associative array, where standard terminology would refer to the name part of each Registry value as a . The terms are a holdout from the 1. Registry in Windows 3, in which Registry keys could not contain arbitrary name/data pairs, but rather contained only one unnamed value (which had to be a string). In this sense, the entire Registry was like a single associative array where the Registry keys (in both the Registry sense and dictionary sense) formed a hierarchy, and the Registry values were all strings. When the 3. 2- bit Registry was created, so was the additional capability of creating multiple named values per key, and the meanings of the names were somewhat distorted. The standard types are: List of standard Registry value types. Type IDSymbolic type name. Meaning and encoding of the data stored in the Registry value. REG. HKCU and HKLM). Technically, they are predefined handles (with known constant values) to specific keys that are either maintained in memory, or stored in hive files stored in the local filesystem and loaded by the system kernel at boot time and then shared (with various access rights) between all processes running on the local system, or loaded and mapped in all processes started in a user session when the user logs on the system. The HKEY. However, the converse may apply for administrator- enforced policy settings where HKLM may take precedence over HKCU. The Windows Logo Program has specific requirements for where different types of user data may be stored, and that the concept of least privilege be followed so that administrator- level access is not required to use an application. Applications cannot create any additional subkeys. On Windows NT, this key contains four subkeys, . A fifth subkey, . On Windows Vista and above, a sixth and seventh subkey, . It is used to reference all . Each SAM database contains all builtin accounts (mostly group aliases) and configured accounts (users, groups and their aliases, including guest accounts and administrator accounts) created and configured on the respective domain, for each account in that domain, it notably contains the user name which can be used to log on that domain, the internal unique user identifier in the domain, a cryptographic hash of each user's password for each enabled authentication protocol, the location of storage of their user Registry hive, various status flags (for example if the account can be enumerated and be visible in the logon prompt screen), and the list of domains (including the local domain) into which the account was configured. The . The kernel will access it to read and enforce the security policy applicable to the current user and all applications or operations executed by this user. It also contains a . It contains information about the Windows system setup, data for the secure random number generator (RNG), the list of currently mounted devices containing a filesystem, several numbered . Each configured Control Set contains. It is mostly modified by application and system installers. It is organized by software vendor (with a subkey for each), but also contains a . The key path is transparently presented to 3. Wo. W6. 4 as HKLM\SOFTWARE. It is a handle to the key . On Windows 2. 00. HKCR is a compilation of user- based HKCU\Software\Classes and machine- based HKLM\Software\Classes. If a given value exists in both of the subkeys above, the one in HKCU\Software\Classes takes precedence. The specific subkey referenced is . Settings in this hive follow users with a roaming profile from machine to machine. HKEY. This key is not stored in any hive and not displayed in the Registry Editor, but it is visible through the Registry functions in the Windows API, or in a simplified view via the Performance tab of the Task Manager (only for a few performance data on the local system) or via more advanced control panels (such as the Performances Monitor or the Performances Analyzer which allows collecting and logging these data, including from remote systems). HKEY. The information in this hive is also not stored on the hard drive. The Plug and Play information is gathered and configured at startup and is stored in memory. An example of this is the hive of branch starting at HKLM\HARDWARE. This hive records information about system hardware and is created each time the system boots and performs hardware detection. Individual settings for users on a system are stored in a hive (disk file) per user. During user login, the system loads the user hive under the HKEY. This allows applications to store/retrieve settings for the current user implicitly under the HKCU key. Not all hives are loaded at any one time. At boot time, only a minimal set of hives are loaded, and after that, hives are loaded as the operating system initializes and as users log in or whenever a hive is explicitly loaded by an application. Editing. A careless change to the operating system configuration in the Registry could cause irreversible damage, so it is usually only installer programs which perform changes to the Registry database during installation/configuration and removal. If a user wants to edit the Registry manually, Microsoft recommends that a backup of the Registry is performed before the change. After this, the user needs to manually remove any reference to the uninstalled program in the registry. This is usually done by using regedit. Optional and/or third- party tools similar to Reg. Edit. exe are available for many Windows CE versions. 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Microsoft's announcement of its Trustworthy Computing initiative, a great deal of work has gone into making Windows Vista a more secure operating system than its predecessors. Internally, Microsoft adopted a . New code for Windows Vista was developed with the SDL methodology, and all existing code was reviewed and refactored to improve security. Some specific areas where Windows Vista introduces new security and safety mechanisms include User Account Control, parental controls, Network Access Protection, a built- in anti- malware tool, and new digital content protection mechanisms. User Account Control. With this feature, all users, including users with administrative privileges, run in a standard user mode by default, since most applications do not require higher privileges. When some action is attempted that needs administrative privileges, such as installing new software or changing system settings, Windows will prompt the user whether to allow the action or not. If the user chooses to allow, the process initiating the action is elevated to a higher privilege context to continue. While standard users need to enter a username and password of an administrative account to get a process elevated (Over- the- shoulder Credentials), an administrator can choose to be prompted just for consent or ask for credentials. UAC asks for credentials in a Secure Desktop mode, where the entire screen is faded out and temporarily disabled, to present only the elevation UI. This is to prevent spoofing of the UI or the mouse by the application requesting elevation. If the application requesting elevation does not have focus before the switch to Secure Desktop occurs, then its taskbar icon blinks, and when focussed, the elevation UI is presented (however, it is not possible to prevent a malicious application from silently obtaining the focus). ![]() Since the Secure Desktop allows only highest privilege System applications to run, no user mode application can present its dialog boxes on that desktop, so any prompt for elevation consent can be safely assumed to be genuine. Additionally, this can also help protect against shatter attacks, which intercept Windows inter- process messages to run malicious code or spoof the user interface, by preventing unauthorized processes from sending messages to high privilege processes. Any process that wants to send a message to a high privilege process must get itself elevated to the higher privilege context, via UAC. Applications written with the assumption that the user will be running with administrator privileges experienced problems in earlier versions of Windows when run from limited user accounts, often because they attempted to write to machine- wide or system directories (such as Program Files) or registry keys (notably HKLM). For example, if an application attempts to write to “C: \program files\appname\settings. C: \Users\username\App. Data\Local\Virtual. Store\Program Files\appname\.”Encryption. Using the command- line utility, it is possible to encrypt additional volumes. Bitlocker utilizes a USB key or Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 1. TCG specifications to store its encryption key. It ensures that the computer running Windows Vista starts in a known- good state, and it also protects data from unauthorized access. EFS is also more tightly integrated with enterprise Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), and supports using PKI- based key recovery, data recovery through EFS recovery certificates, or a combination of the two.
As you can see our new user, named Test Account, has been created. Now when you start Windows 7 or Vista, you will see the additional account listed in the logon screen. The "Administrator" account is still present in Windows 10. Starting with Windows XP it is hidden from the login screen by default and starting with Vista it is disabled. ![]() ![]() There are also new Group Policies to require smart cards for EFS, enforce page file encryption, stipulate minimum key lengths for EFS, enforce encryption of the user’s Documents folder, and prohibit self- signed certificates. The EFS encryption key cache can be cleared when a user locks his workstation or after a certain time limit. The EFS rekeying wizard allows the user to choose a certificate for EFS and to select and migrate existing files that will use the newly chosen certificate. How to activate the hidden Vista administrator account with this command: net user administrator /active:Yes.Certificate Manager also allows users to export their EFS recovery certificates and private keys. Users are reminded to back up their EFS keys upon first use through a balloon notification. The rekeying wizard can also be used to migrate users in existing installations from software certificates to smart cards. The wizard can also be used by an administrator or users themselves in recovery situations. This method is more efficient than decrypting and reencrypting files. Windows Firewall. Encryption can also be required for any kind of connection. A connection security rule can be created using a wizard that handles the complex configuration of IPsec policies on the machine. Windows Firewall can allow traffic based on whether the traffic is secured by IPsec. A new management console snap- in named Windows Firewall with Advanced Security which provides access to many advanced options, including IPsec configuration, and enables remote administration. Ability to have separate firewall profiles for when computers are domain- joined or connected to a private or public network. Support for the creation of rules for enforcing server and domain isolation policies. Windows Defender. According to Microsoft, it was renamed from 'Microsoft Anti. Spyware' because it not only features scanning of the system for spyware, similar to other free products on the market, but also includes Real Time Security agents that monitor several common areas of Windows for changes which may be caused by spyware. These areas include Internet Explorer configuration and downloads, auto- start applications, system configuration settings, and add- ons to Windows such as Windows Shell extensions. Windows Defender also includes the ability to remove Active. X applications that are installed and block startup programs. It also incorporates the Spy. Net network, which allows users to communicate with Microsoft, send what they consider is spyware, and check which applications are acceptable. Device installation control. Parental controls allows administrators to set restrictions on, and monitor, computer activity. Parental controls relies on User Account Control for much of its functionality. Features include: Web filtering - prohibits categories of content and/or specific addresses. An option to prohibit file downloads is also available. Web content filtering is implemented as a Winsock LSP filter. Time limits - prevents users from logging into a restricted account during a time specified by an administrator. If a user is already logged into a restricted account after the allotted time period expires, the account is locked to prevent loss of unsaved data. Game restrictions - allows administrators to block games based on their content, rating, or title. Administrators may choose from several different game rating organizations to determine appropriate content, such as the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Content restrictions take precedence over game rating restrictions. Application restrictions - allows administrators to block or allow the execution of programs installed on the hard drive. Implemented using Windows Software Restriction Policies. Activity reports - monitors and logs activity that occurs while using a restricted user account. These features are extensible, and can be replaced by other parental control applications by using the parental controls application programming interfaces (APIs). Preventing exploits. Other executables have to specifically set a bit in the header of the Portable Executable (PE) file, which is the file format for Windows executables, to use ASLR. For such executables, the stack and heap allocated is randomly decided. By loading system files at random addresses, it becomes harder for malicious code to know where privileged system functions are located, thereby making it unlikely for them to predictably use them. This helps prevent most remote execution attacks by preventing Return- to- libcbuffer overflow attacks. The Portable Executable format has been updated to support embedding of exception handler address in the header. Whenever an exception is thrown, the address of the handler is verified with the one stored in the executable header. If they match, the exception is handled, otherwise it indicates that the run- time stack has been compromised, and hence the process is terminated. Function pointers are obfuscated by XOR- ing with a random number, so that the actual address pointed to is hard to retrieve. So would be to manually change a pointer, as the obfuscation key used for the pointer would be very hard to retrieve. Thus, it is made hard for any unauthorized user of the function pointer to be able to actually use it. Also metadata for heap blocks are XOR- ed with random numbers. In addition, check- sums for heap blocks are maintained, which is used to detect unauthorized changes and heap corruption. Whenever a heap corruption is detected, the application is killed to prevent successful completion of the exploit. Windows Vista binaries include intrinsic support for detection of stack- overflow. When a stack overflow in Windows Vista binaries is detected, the process is killed so that it cannot be used to carry on the exploit. Also Windows Vista binaries place buffers higher in memory and non buffers, like pointers and supplied parameters, in lower memory area. So to actually exploit, a buffer underrun is needed to gain access to those locations. However, buffer underruns are much less common than buffer overruns. Data Execution Prevention. This feature, present as NX (EVP) in AMD's AMD6. XD (EDB) in Intel's processors, can flag certain parts of memory as containing data instead of executable code, which prevents overflow errors from resulting in arbitrary code execution. ![]() Ultimate Guide to Backing Up and Restoring the Windows Registry. Windows stores just about everything that makes it work in a hierarchal file- based database called the Windows Registry. The registry contains all the configuration settings for the operating system, programs, services, components and pretty much everything else. Everything from the size of the icons to the color of the taskbar is stored there. The registry is made up of millions of keys and values. You can think of keys as folders and values as the data stored inside the folders. In the registry editor, keys actually look like folders and values are what hold the actual settings. ![]() Each key in the registry can have more than one value, kind of like a folder can have more than one file stored inside. Also, values can store data of different types including String, Binary, DWORD, QWORD, and more. You don’t really need to understand that level of detail, but hopefully you understand the structure of the registry. In terms of backing up the registry, you really have two options: backup parts of the registry manually via export or backup the entire registry using System Restore. When you make a change to the registry, it’s always a good idea to create a restore point and then backup the edited section of the registry also. There is a way to export the entire registry, but that’s not a good option for several reasons. Firstly, you’re going to get a large file that you have to store somewhere. Secondly, if you’re only changing one setting, trying to import back the entire registry later on may overwrite many other newer values that were written to other parts of the registry after the export. This can actually lead more problems and possible corruption. Lastly, you may not even be able to import back the entire registry because a lot of keys will be in use by Windows and therefore simply won’t be written. The best option to backup and restore the entire registry is to use System Restore. So when making a change, create a restore point first and then backup the only edited section manually. If there is a problem, you can always reload the exported section by simply double- clicking on the . ![]() Protect and Backup. The only Imaging Solution capable of OS Independent recovery of PC backup images for. Edit Article wiki How to Do a System Restore. Three Methods: Using System Restore in Windows Starting System Restore from the Command Prompt Accessing System Restore. X86-64 (also known as x64, x86. It supports vastly larger amounts (theoretically, 2 64 bytes. Windows. If you can’t get into Windows anymore because the registry change messed something up more severely, then you can simply start up the Advanced Recovery Options and choose the previous restore point you had created. I’ll explain both methods in detail below. Opening Registry Editor. First, let’s talk about opening the registry editor. In just about every recent version of Windows, you can open the registry editor by clicking on the Start button and typing in regedit. You probably already know how to do this considering you found this article while trying to learn how to backup the registry. Obviously, before you make any changes to the registry, you should always back it up. Restoring Factory Hard Drive Capacity. July 19th, 2007 Author: Dmitry Postrigan 531 Comments. This article is a complete guide on recovering your hard drive’s.System Restore is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows the user to revert their computer's state (including system files, installed applications, Windows. Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, and Windows Server 2003 R2 retired content. The content you requested has already retired. It's available to. If you are trying to tweak or modify your Vista system, you will run into a barrier when it comes to replacing or changing system files. You can take ownership of the. How to Reset Windows Vista. If your Windows Vista computer stops working unexpectedly due to a system error or virus, or you want to completely wipe the hard drive. Oddly enough, I’ve been asked by many people recently how they can restore their computers to “factory settings”. Depending on how you look at it and version of. What is System Backup? A System Backup involves all of the system files, boot files, and program files. Only backing up both the system and boot files can ensure that. ![]() Now let’s get to the main point of this article on the different ways you can backup the Windows registry. Backup Parts/Sections of the Registry. In many of my posts, I’ve mentioned tweaks or tips that require editing a key or value in the registry. If you’re going to be making a single change here and there, you don’t really need to backup the entire registry necessarily. Let’s say you are editing a value stored at the following key: HKEY. By default, only the selected branch along with sub- keys and values will get exported. If you want to export the entire registry, you have to choose All under Export Range when saving the . Again, I don’t recommend backing up the entire registry in this manner as you’ll end up getting a Cannot import error when trying to import the file back. So stick with exporting only selected branches and you’ll have a better chance of being able to re- import the registry file later on. Now let’s talk about using System Restore to perform a full backup of the registry. ![]() Backup Entire Registry via System Restore. Using System Restore, you won’t run into issues restoring to a previous state because Windows handles all the locked and in- use issues for you. You will always create a restore point while using Windows and it’s very simple to do. Click on Start and type in Create restore point and click on the first result. You’ll be bought straight to the System Protection tab in the System Properties dialog. Click on the Create button at the bottom and another dialog will pop up asking for a description. Click the Create button and the restore point will be created. It should only take a few minutes to create the restore point. Once completed, you can restore a previously created restore point in two ways: via the same System Restore dialog in Windows or via the Advanced Recovery Options screen. I’ll show you both methods below. Restore Registry via Windows. If you are still able to start Windows and log into the system, then you can try to restore the registry by opening System Restore. ![]() Click on Start and type in system restore and click on the first result. When the System Restore dialog pops up, go ahead and click Next. On the following screen, you will see a list of all the different restore points currently on the system. You will see the manually created restore points along with the automatically created ones too. You can check the Show more restore points box to see all the restore points stored on the system. If you click on the Scan for affected programs button, it will give you a list of any programs that were installed after the restore point was created since those will be removed. It will also tell you which programs were removed after the restore point was created that will be restored. Click Next and Finish and that’s about it. The system will be reverted back to the previous restore point and you should be good to go. Note that System Restore does not alter any of your personal data when changing the state of the system. It only looks at the registry, programs and system files. Restore Registry via Recovery Options. If you are not able to log into Windows, then you can still use system restore, but only via Advanced Boot Options in Windows 7 and Advanced Recovery Options in Windows 8 and Windows 1. The method is slightly different for all three operating systems, so I will explain them all below. Windows 7 Recovery. For Windows 7, you have to restart your computer and then press the F8 key during the initial boot up. This will bring up the Advanced Boot Options screen and the first option there will be Repair Your Computer. Select it and press Enter. This will load the System Recovery Options dialog and here you will need to choose System Restore. Again, you just choose the restore you want to revert back to and that’s it. Normally, if you are having problems loading Windows, the Advanced Boot Options screen will appear automatically. Note that if you are unable to load the boot options using F8, you may have to use a System Repair Disc. You can create a repair disc on any Windows 7 PC by clicking on Start and typing in system repair disc. Pop in a CD or DVD and click the Create disc button. Once you have this disc, you can boot directly from it to get the system recovery options shown above. The only thing you need to ensure is that the boot order has the CD/DVD ROM drive listed first. Windows 8 Recovery. In Windows 8, the entire recovery procedure and GUI is completely different. Instead of the boring DOS interface of before, you now have a fancy looking modern GUI, which makes things a lot easier. F8 no longer works when trying to get to this new interface. Luckily, I’ve already written a post about the different methods you can use to get to the advanced boot options screen in Windows 8. Once you have gotten to the main screen, click on Troubleshoot. Under the Troubleshoot section, go ahead and click on Advanced options at the bottom. Finally, click on System Restore on the last screen and you’ll get the familiar system restore dialog to pick the restore point you want to revert back to. In Windows 8, you can create a system repair disc like in Windows 7 or you can create a USB recovery drive. To create a repair disc, click on Start and type in recdisc. Again, you only need to create these using a different computer if you are not able to load the recovery options on your current PC. Windows 1. 0 Recovery. The procedure in Windows 1. Windows. Since the Start Menu is back in full form in Windows 1. Settings. Next, click on Update and recovery in the Settings dialog. As you can see, the Settings dialog in Windows 1. Windows 8. Finally, you’ll be able to click on the Restart now button under Advanced startup. This will get you to the same Choose an option screen where you will click Troubleshoot. Hopefully, the detailed instructions above will allow you to safely and easily backup and restore your registry in Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 1. If you have any questions, feel free to post a comment. ![]() Download Sub. In. ACL (Sub. In. ACL. Official Microsoft Download Center. Click the Download button (above) to start the download. In the File Download dialog box, select Save this program to disk. Select a location on your computer to save the file, and then click Save. In Windows Explorer, go to the location where you saved the downloaded file, double- click the file to start the installation process, and then follow the instructions. The downloaded file is a Microsoft Software Installer (. By running the file, you install the tool and documentation on your computer. When you install a tool, you are prompted to choose an install directory. If the Windows Server 2. Resource Kit is installed, install the tool in the Resource Kit directory to avoid an overly large system path and to ensure more reliable upgrades. Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, and Windows Server 2003 R2 retired content. The content you requested has already retired. ![]() When you install the Resource Kit, the recommended directory is C: \Program Files\Windows Resource Kits\Tools. ![]()
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November 2017
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